Since regular white LEDs are cheaper than LED grow lights, you can always experiment with them first. Plants will certainly grow under white LED lighting, but they probably won’t thrive.
NASA has been studying LED lighting for years. In many studies, plants grew taller and faster under LEDs than other types of artificial light. [4] X Research source
These advantages also make LEDs the most environmentally friendly solution. If you’re interested in reducing your carbon footprint, LEDs are the way to go.
Fluorescent lighting is moderately energy efficient and the bulbs/tubes cost less (upfront) than LEDs. Unlike LEDs, they produce a small amount of heat which can burn the plants and increase costs. LEDs produce a wide range of colors to enhance plant growth; fluorescent lights are mostly limited to red and blue light. [8] X Research source Incandescent lighting is the cheapest option. It’s extremely energy inefficient and produces a lot of heat, though, which isn’t good for your plants or wallet. Incandescent bulbs mostly emit only red light, but plants need both red and blue light (at minimum) to thrive. [9] X Research source HID lighting is mostly used in greenhouses and commercial settings. HID bulbs last a long time but they produce a ton of heat, which makes them impractical for indoor use. They also have to be mounted with bulky, expensive fixtures to avoid burning the plants. [10] X Research source
The most crucial colors for plants are white, red, and blue light. White light is good for general plant growth, but plants must have red and blue light to thrive. Red light is necessary for seed germination, flowering, and fruit production. Blue light is essential for strong leaves and stems. Violet, yellow, and green light all play vital roles, as well. Violet light can spike growth and may improve the flavor and aroma of some plants. Yellow light and green light contribute to photosynthesis (although they don’t promote as much growth as red and blue light).
Seedlings: maintain a distance of 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) between the plants and LEDs. Remember to move the LEDs up regularly as the plants grow taller. Hydroponic lettuce and herbs: 6-12 inches (15-30 cm) Foliage houseplants: 12-24 inches (30-60 inches) Flowering houseplants: 6-12 inches (15-30 cm)
